Vaginosis refers to an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the vagina, most commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). This condition occurs when the normal balance of "good" and "bad" bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to symptoms such as unusual discharge, odor, and discomfort.

BV is primarily caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, and a reduction in beneficial bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus, which normally helps maintain a healthy vaginal environment.

Common Triggers and Risk Factors:

• Sexual Activity: Although not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), new or multiple sexual partners can increase the risk.
• Douching: Disrupts the natural bacterial balance.
• Hormonal Changes: Changes during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause may alter the vaginal pH.
• Use of Irritants: Harsh soaps, scented hygiene products, or vaginal deodorants.
• Smoking: Linked to an increased risk of BV.

• Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge.
• Strong fishy odor, especially after intercourse.
• Vaginal itching or irritation (less common).
• Burning sensation during urination (sometimes).

• Medical History and Symptoms: A healthcare provider may inquire about the nature of symptoms and risk factors.
• Pelvic Examination: To inspect the vaginal discharge.
• Lab Tests: A sample of vaginal discharge is analyzed for:
  • A higher pH level (above 4.5).
  • Presence of "clue cells" (vaginal cells coated with bacteria) under a microscope.
  • Positive whiff test (a fishy odor when discharge is mixed with a chemical like potassium hydroxide).

1. Antibiotics: Typically prescribed as oral or topical treatments.
   • Metronidazole (Flagyl): Taken orally or as a vaginal gel.
   • Clindamycin (Cleocin): Available as a cream or oral tablet.
   • Tinidazole (Tindamax): Another oral antibiotic option.
2. Probiotics:
   • May help restore the balance of good bacteria in the vagina, either as supplements or through foods like yogurt.

Avoid Douching: Maintain the natural bacterial balance in the vagina.

• Practice Safe Sex:

• Use condoms or other protection.
• Limit the number of sexual partners.

• Maintain Proper Hygiene:

• Use mild, unscented soaps.
• Wipe from front to back after using the restroom.

• Probiotics: Incorporate probiotic-rich foods or supplements to support vaginal health.
• Regular Checkups: Routine gynecological exams can help monitor vaginal health.